{"title":"History","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"churchills-abandoned-prisoners-by-rupert-wieloch","title":"Churchill's Abandoned Prisoners: The British Soldiers Deceived in the Russian Civil War by Rupert Wieloch","description":"\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eWinner of the Britain at War Book of the Month Award for May 2019.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChurchill's Abandoned Prisoners\u003c\/em\u003e tells the previously suppressed story of fifteen British prisoners captured during the Russian civil war. The Bolshevik Revolution in 1917 seriously compromised the Allied war effort.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThat threat rather than an ideological wish to defeat the Bolsheviks was the driving force behind the formation of an Allied force including British, American, French, Czech, Italian, Greek and Japanese troops, who were stationed to locations across Russia to support the anti-Bolsheviks (the 'White Russians'). But war-weariness and equivocation about getting involved in the Civil War led the Allied powers to dispatch a sufficient number of troops to maintain a show of interest in Russia's fate, but not enough to give the 'Whites' a real chance of victory. Caught up in these events is Emmerson MacMillan, an American engineer who through loyalty to his Scottish roots joins the British army in 1918.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEmmerson travels to England, where he trains with the Inns of Court Officer Training Corps and volunteers for service in the Far East. The book explains how the bitter fighting ebbed and flowed along the Trans-Siberian Railway for eighteen months, until Trotsky's Red Army prevailed. It includes the exploits of the only two British battalions to serve in the East, the 'Diehards' and 'Tigers'.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn important chapter describes the fractious relationships between the Allies, together with the unenviable dilemmas faced by the commander of the American Expeditionary Force and the humanitarian work of the Red Cross. The focus turns to the deeds of Emmerson and the other soldiers in the select British group, who are ordered to 'remain to the last' and organise the evacuation of refugees from Omsk in November 1919. After saving thousands of lives, they leave on the last train out of the city before it is seized by the Bolsheviks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir mad dash for freedom in temperatures below forty degrees centigrade ends abruptly, when they are captured in Krasnoyarsk. Abandoned without communications or mail, they endure a fearful detention with two of them succumbing to typhus. The deserted group become an embarrassment to the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George and the War Secretary, Winston Churchill after a secret agreement fails to secure the release of the British prisoners.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDeceived in Irkutsk, they are sent 3,500 miles to Moscow and imprisoned in notorious jails. After a traumatic incarceration, they are eventually released, having survived against all the odds. The spectre of armed conflict between Russia and the West has dramatically increased with points of tension stretching from the Arctic to Aleppo, while cyber warfare and election interference further increase pressure.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a new Cold War hots up it is ever-more important to understand the origins of the modern relationship between Russia and the West. The events described in this book are not only a stirring tale of courage and adventure but also only lift the lid on an episode that did much to sow distrust and precipitate events in World War Two and today.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardback\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984970805409,"sku":"SQ0529546","price":20.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/files\/9781612007533_2.jpg?v=1700745086"},{"product_id":"floating-coast-an-environmental-history-of-the-bering-strait-by-bathsheba-demuth-1","title":"Floating Coast: An Environmental History of the Bering Strait by Bathsheba Demuth","description":"\u003cp class=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShortlisted for the Pushkin House Book Prize 2020\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\"\u003eA ground-breaking exploration of the relationship between humans and the natural world where two great economic ideologies converge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\"\u003eAlong the Bering Strait, through the territories of the Inupiat and Yupik in Alaska, and the Yupik and Chukchi in Russia, Bathsheba Demuth explores an ecosystem that has long sustained human beings. Yet when Americans and Europeans arrived, the area became the site of an experiment and the modern ideologies of production and consumption, capitalism and communism were subject to the pressures of arctic scarcity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\"\u003eDemuth draws a vivid portrait of the sweeping effects of turning ecological wealth into economic growth and state power over the past century and a half. More urgent in a warming climate and as we seek new economic ideas for a post-industrial age, \u003cem\u003eFloating Coast\u003c\/em\u003e delivers warnings and poses provocative questions about human desires and needs in relation to environmental sustainability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaperback\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984975786145,"sku":"SQ2778293","price":14.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/files\/9780393358322.jpg?v=1789554093"},{"product_id":"kulikovo-1380-the-battle-that-made-russia-by-mark-galeotti","title":"Kulikovo 1380: the Battle That Made Russia by Mark Galeotti","description":"\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eThe 14th-century Mongol conquest of the Rus' \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e–\u003c\/span\u003e the principalities of Russia \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e–\u003c\/span\u003e was devastating and decisive. Cities were lain waste, new dynasties rose and for a hundred years the Russians were under unquestioned foreign rule. However, the Mongols were conquerors rather than administrators and they chose to rule through subject princes. This allowed the Rurikid dynastic princes of Moscow to rise with unprecedented speed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eWith the famed 'Mongol Yoke' loosening, Grand Prince Dmitri of Moscow saw in this an unparalleled opportunity to rebel. On 7 September 1380, his 60,000 troops crossed the Don to take the battle to Mamai's 125,000, which included Armenian and Cherkessk auxiliaries and Genoese mercenaries. Using specially commissioned artwork, this is the engrossing story of the victory that heralded the birth of Russian statehood.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaperback\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984978964641,"sku":"SQ1339370","price":14.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/products\/OIP_3.jpg?v=1605204961"},{"product_id":"my-library-my-history-books-on-google-play-the-long-hangover-putins-new-russia-and-the-ghosts-of-the-past","title":"The Long Hangover: Putin's New Russia and the Ghosts of the Past by Shaun Walker","description":"\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space:pre-wrap;\"\u003eIn The Long Hangover, Shaun Walker provides a deeply reported, bottom-up explanation of Russia's resurgence under Putin. By cleverly exploiting the memory of the Soviet victory over fascism in World War II, Putin's regime has made ordinary Russians feel that their country is great again.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space:pre-wrap;\"\u003eShaun Walker provides new insight into contemporary Russia and its search for a new identity, telling the story through the country's troubled relationship with its Soviet past. Walker not only explains Vladimir Putin's goals and the government's official manipulations of history, but also focuses on ordinary Russians and their motivations. He charts how Putin raised victory in World War II to the status of a national founding myth in the search for a unifying force to heal a divided country, and shows how dangerous the ramifications of this have been.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space:pre-wrap;\"\u003eThe book explores why Russia, unlike Germany, has failed to come to terms with the darkest pages of its past: Stalin's purges, the Gulag, and the war deportations. The narrative roams from the corridors of the Kremlin to the wilds of the Gulags and the trenches of East Ukraine. It puts the annexation of Crimea and the newly assertive Russia in the context of the delayed fallout of the Soviet collapse.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space:pre-wrap;\"\u003eThe Long Hangover is a book about a lost generation: the millions of Russians who lost their country and the subsequent attempts to restore to them a sense of purpose. Packed with analysis but told mainly through vibrant reportage, it is a thoughtful exploration of the legacy of the Soviet collapse and how it has affected life in Russia and Putin's policies.\u003c\/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space:pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardback  \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984981782689,"sku":"SQ7073530","price":20.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/products\/images_284_29.jpg?v=1605133791"},{"product_id":"phbs-armageddon-and-paranoia-the-nuclear-confrontation-by-rodric-braithwaite","title":"Armageddon and Paranoia: the Nuclear Confrontation by Rodric Braithwaite","description":"\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThis book was shortlisted for the Pushkin House Book Prize 2018.\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eFormer British Ambassador to the Soviet Union and author of the definitive account of the Soviet invasion and occupation of Afghanistan, Sir Rodric Braithwaite offers here a tour d'horizon of nuclear policy from the end of World War II and start of the Cold War to the present day. \u003cem\u003eArmageddon and Paranoia\u003c\/em\u003e unfolds the full history of nuclear weapons that began with the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union and now extends worldwide. For decades, an apocalypse seemed imminent, staved off only by the certainty that if one side launched these missiles the other would launch an equally catastrophic counterstrike. This method of avoiding all-out nuclear warfare was called \"Deterrence,\" a policy of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD). Still, though neither side actively wanted to plunge the world into nuclear wasteland, the possibility of war by misjudgement or mistake meant fears could never be entirely assuaged.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eBoth an exploration of Deterrence and the long history of superpower nuclear policy, \u003cem\u003eArmageddon and Paranoia\u003c\/em\u003e comes at a time when tensions surrounding nuclear armament have begun mounting once more. No book until this one has offered so comprehensive a history of the topic that has guided \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e– \u003c\/span\u003eat times dominated \u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e– \u003c\/span\u003ethe world in which we live.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardback \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984982700193,"sku":"SQ5377436","price":15.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/products\/1.jpg?v=1605197624"},{"product_id":"russian-conservatism-by-paul-robinson","title":"Russian Conservatism by Paul Robinson","description":"\u003cp style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\" class=\"\"\u003ePaul Robinson's \u003cem\u003eRussian Conservatism \u003c\/em\u003eexamines the history of Russian conservative thought from the beginning of the nineteenth century to the present. As he shows, conservatism has made an underappreciated contribution to Russian national identity, to the ideology of Russian statehood, and to Russia's social-economic development. Robinson charts the contributions made by philosophers, politicians, and others during the Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLooking at cultural, political, and social-economic conservatism in Russia, he discusses ideas and issues of more than historical interest. Indeed, what \u003cem\u003eRussian Conservatism \u003c\/em\u003edemonstrates is that such ideas are helpful in interpreting Russia's present as well as its past and will be influential in shaping Russia's future, for better or for worse, in the years to come. For the past two centuries Russian conservatives have sought to adapt to the pressures of modernisation and westernisation and, more recently, globalisation, while preserving national identity and political and social stability.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThrough Robinson's research we can now understand how Russian conservatives have continually proposed forms of cultural, political, and economic development seen as building on existing traditions, identity, forms of government, and economic and social life, rather than being imposed on the basis of abstract theory and foreign models.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\" class=\"\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardback\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984987484321,"sku":"SQ8131265","price":30.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/products\/9781501747342.jpg?v=1605133812"},{"product_id":"russian-homophobia-from-stalin-to-sochi-by-dan-healey","title":"Russian Homophobia From Stalin to Sochi by Dan Healey","description":"\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eExamining nine 'case histories' that reveal the origins and evolution of homophobic attitudes in modern Russia, Dan Healey asserts that the nation's contemporary homophobia can be traced back to the particular experience of revolution, political terror and war its people endured after 1917.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eThe book explores the roots of homophobia in the Gulag, the rise of a visible queer presence in Soviet cities after Stalin, and the political battles since 1991 over whether queer Russians can be valued citizens. Healey also reflects on the problems of 'memorylessness' for Russia's LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) movement more broadly and the obstacles it faces in trying to write its own history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eThe book makes use of little-known source material \u003cspan\u003e–\u003c\/span\u003e much of it untranslated archival documentation \u003cspan\u003e–\u003c\/span\u003e to explore how Russians have viewed same-sex love and gender transgression since the mid-20th century. \u003cem\u003eRussian Homophobia from Stalin to Sochi\u003c\/em\u003e provides a compelling background to the culture wars over the status of LGBT citizens in Russia today, whilst serving as a key text for all students of modern Russia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaperback\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984987582625,"sku":"SQ4074155","price":27.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/products\/9781350000773.jpg?v=1607387229"},{"product_id":"the-return-of-the-russian-leviathan-by-sergei-medvedev","title":"The Return of the Russian Leviathan by Sergei Medvedev","description":"\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWinner of the Pushkin House Book Prize 2020\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eRussia’s relationship with its neighbours and with the West has worsened dramatically in recent years. Under Vladimir Putin’s leadership, the country has annexed Crimea, begun a war in Eastern Ukraine, used chemical weapons on the streets of the UK and created an army of Internet trolls to meddle in the US presidential elections. How should we understand this apparent relapse into aggressive imperialism and militarism?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eIn this book, Sergei Medvedev argues that this new wave of Russian nationalism is the result of mentalities that have long been embedded within the Russian psyche. Whereas in the West, the turbulent social changes of the 1960s and a rising awareness of the legacy of colonialism have modernized attitudes, Russia has been stymied by an enduring sense of superiority over its neighbours alongside a painful nostalgia for empire. It is this infantilized and irrational worldview that Putin and others have exploited, as seen most clearly in Russia’s recent foreign policy decisions, including the annexation of Crimea.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eThis sharp and insightful book, full of irony and humour, shows how the archaic forces of imperial revanchism have been brought back to life, shaking Russian society and threatening the outside world. It will be of great interest to anyone trying to understand the forces shaping Russian politics and society today.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaperback\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984993939617,"sku":"SQ5688830","price":17.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/products\/Screenshot_2020-06-11_at_12.53.34.png?v=1605133836"},{"product_id":"the-war-within-diaries-from-the-siege-of-leningrad-by-alexis-peri","title":"The War Within: Diaries From the Siege of Leningrad by Alexis Peri","description":"\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWinner of the Pushkin House Russian Book Prize 2018\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eIn September 1941, two and a half months after the Nazis invaded the Soviet Union, the German Wehrmacht encircled Leningrad. Cut off from the rest of Russia, the city remained blockaded for 872 days, at a cost of almost a million civilian lives, making it one of the longest and deadliest sieges in modern history.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eDrawing on 125 unpublished diaries written by individuals from all walks of Soviet life, Alexis Peri tells the tragic story of how citizens struggled to make sense of a world collapsing around them. Residents recorded in intimate detail the toll taken on minds and bodies by starvation, bombardment, and disease. For many, diary writing became instrumental to survival a tangible reminder of their humanity. The journals also reveal that Leningraders began to re-examine Soviet life and ideology from new, often critical perspectives.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003eLeningrad's party organisation encouraged diary writing, hoping the texts would guide future histories of this epic battle. But in a bitter twist, the diarists became victims not only of Hitler but also of Stalin. The city's isolation from Moscow made it politically suspect. When the blockade was lifted in 1944, Kremlin officials censored publications describing the ordeal and arrested hundreds of Leningrad s wartime leaders. Many were executed. Diaries now dangerous to their authors were concealed in homes, shelved in archives, and forgotten. \u003cem\u003eThe War Within\u003c\/em\u003e recovers these lost narratives, shedding light on one of World War II's darkest episodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"\" style=\"white-space: pre-wrap;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePaperback \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":36984996233377,"sku":"SQ3005879","price":20.95,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/products\/9200000058608273.jpg?v=1605133839"},{"product_id":"moscow-has-ears-everywhere-new-investigations-on-pasternak-and-ivinskaya","title":"Moscow Has Ears Everywhere: New Investigations on Pasternak and Ivinskaya by Paolo Mancosu","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe conflict between Soviet Communists and Boris Pasternak over the publication of Doctor Zhivago did not end when he won the Nobel Prize, or even when the author died. Paolo Mancosu tells how Pasternak's expulsion from the Soviet Writers' Union left him in financial difficulty. Milan publisher Giangiacomo Feltrinelli and Sergio d'Angelo, who had brought the typescript of \u003cem\u003eDoctor Zhivago\u003c\/em\u003e to Feltrinelli, were among those who arranged a smuggling operation to help him. After Pasternak's death, Olga Ivinskaya, his companion, literary assistant, and the inspiration for Zhivago's Lara, also received some of the Zhivago royalties.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eAfter the KGB intercepted Pasternak's will on her behalf, the Soviets arrested and sentenced her and her daughter, Irina Emelianova, to eight years and three years of labour camp, respectively. The ensuing international outrage inspired a secret campaign in the West to win their freedom. Mancosu's new book – the first to explore the post-Nobel history of Pasternak and Ivinskaya – provides extraordinary detail on these events, in a thrilling account that involves KGB interceptions, fabricated documents, smugglers, and much more. While a general reader will respond to the dramatic human story, specialists will be rewarded with a rich assemblage of new archival material, especially letters of Pasternak, Ivinskaya, Feltrinelli, and d'Angelo from the Hoover Institution Library and Archives and the Feltrinelli Archives in Milan.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHardback\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Pushkin House Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":37661653958817,"sku":"","price":29.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0510\/3406\/3009\/products\/9780817922443.jpg?v=1612371141"},{"product_id":"red-fortress-the-secret-heart-of-russias-history-by-catherine-merridale","title":"Red Fortress: The Secret Heart of Russia's History by Catherine Merridale","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWINNER OF THE PUSHKIN HOUSE BOOKPRIZE 2014 \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eThe extraordinary story of the Kremlin – from prize-winning author and historian Catherine Merridale. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eBoth beautiful and profoundly menacing, the Kremlin has dominated Moscow for many centuries. Behind its great red walls and towers many of the most startling events in Russia's history have been acted out. It is both a real place and an imaginative idea; a shorthand for a certain kind of secretive power, but also the heart of a specific Russian authenticity.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cbr data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003e\u003cspan data-mce-fragment=\"1\"\u003eCatherine Merridale's exceptional book revels in both the drama of the Kremlin and its sheer unexpectedness: an impregnable fortress which has repeatedly been devastated, a symbol of all that is Russian substantially created by Italians. The many inhabitants of the Kremlin have continually reshaped it to accord with shifting ideological needs, with buildings conjured up or demolished to conform with the current ruler's social, spiritual, military or regal priorities. 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Through exclusive interviews with key inside players, Belton tells how Putin's people conducted their relentless seizure of private companies, took over the economy, siphoned billions, blurred the lines between organised crime and political powers, shut down opponents, and then used their riches and power to extend influence in the West. 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